Newton - 300 Years Later (1727-2027)

This book is a central element in the tributes that will be paid to Isaac Newton in 2027. It presents new assessments and updates of relevant aspects of his thought, 300 years after his death. The work is divided into two parts: in the first, we highlight his contribution to the natural sciences and engineering; in the second, we discuss the reception and dissemination of his ideas and how they have endured over three centuries. We revisit the Newtonian conceptual foundation, review kinematics and Newton's role, as well as his contribution to the transition from alchemy to chemistry as a scientific discipline. We show an important paradigm within mechanics: its formalization and transformation from a geometric approach to a more analytical one, expressed in the differential formulation of the second law. In the final part, dedicated to the reception and diffusion of his thought, we emphasize significant repercussions both in Europe and in distant regions such as Brazil, then a colony of Portugal. In doing so, we highlight the breadth and persistence of Newtonian influence, which shaped not only scientific development but also the global circulation of ideas across three centuries.