The Territory of Japan

This Open Access book carefully examines the legal and historical bases of the territory of Japan as a modern State from the Meiji period to 2002. A new preface summarizes key developments in the situation up through 2022.                 Japan's current territory is stipulated by the Potsdam Declaration (1945) and the Treaty of Peace with Japan (1951); it includes the Northern Territories, the Senkaku Islands, and Takeshima Island. Questions relating to these islands also involve Russia, China, and the Republic of Korea (ROK): Japan has demanded the return of the Northern Territories, comprising the islands of Kunashiri, Etorofu, Habomai, and Shikotan, which are controlled by Russia; China has claimed sovereignty over the Senkaku Islands (also known as the Diaoyu Islands in Chinese), which are controlled by Japan; Japan has claimed sovereignty over Takeshima Island (also known as Dokdo in Korean), which is controlled by the ROK. This book analyzes the current diplomatic issues, drawing on historical documents and international legal precedent, and it suggests peaceful methods to address them. In discussing territorial land, sea, and air space, this work touches upon postwar concepts defining modern international law on these subjects-exclusive economic zones (EEZs), continental shelves, and air defense identification zones (ADIZs)-found in international treaties, such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), and related domestic laws.